The value of urban wetlands

Urban wetlands, as well as being socially and economically beneficial to the community, are some of the most productive and biodiverse ecosystems in the country. Because wetlands contribute so much, they ought to be considered and valued as community assets. Landholders, developers and planners need to be aware of the need to conserve these valuable community resources.

Urban wetlands provide habitat for plants

Buttercup, Purple Loosestrife, Tall Spike Rush, Water Ribbons

There are thousands of plant species – grasses, shrubs, trees, aquatic plants - that are adapted to and dependent on living in wet conditions. Many wetland plants are influenced by a particular water regime; that is, the timing, frequency, duration, extent, depth and variability of inundation.

Urban wetlands provide habitat for birds and other animals

Australasian Grebe, Buff-banded Rail, Eastern Long-necked Turtle, Bronze Needletail

Urban wetlands are home to a diverse range of birds, fish, frogs, reptiles, insects and mammals. Some species rely on wetlands for essential parts of their life cycles. Some migratory birds return to the same patch of reeds each year. Many wetland birds and other animals are endemic to Australia and some are highly threatened.

Urban wetlands store and purify water

Alex Goudie Native Park, Montague Ave Drouin

As the flow of water is slowed down within a wetland, sediment is allowed to settle. The plants and micro-organisms in the wetland, acting like a filter, absorb the nutrients and pollutants in the water. This process can be so efficient that some authourities construct artificial wetlands to help purify the waste water from entire communities.

Urban wetlands mitigate flooding and other natural hazards

Bellbird Park Wetlands (west of the oval), Settlement Rd Drouin

Floodwater and runoff are stored and slowed within wetlands, reducing flood damage downstream. A wetland can act like a sponge, absorbing water from its surroundings and then release it slowly during dry periods. The adverse effects of erosion and bushfire hazards can be mitigated by wetlands.

Urban wetlands contribute to the health of the community

McNeilly Park Wetlands, Jackson's Dr Drouin

The aesthetic appeal of many wetlands encourages community activity. They provide a location for education, relaxation and exercise. Some wetlands have historic and cultural significance.

(“Planning and management of urban and peri-urban wetlands in Australia” – Dept Agriculture, Water and Environment LINK)